- 1.10.1Absolute Prohibitionsnot yet published The absolute prohibitions in Section 10(1) prevent states from exercising sovereign powers (treaties, coinage), engaging in predatory legislation (attainders, ex post facto laws), or fragmenting the national legal order (contract impairment, competing currencies). The categorical prohibitions hold structurally; the Contracts Clause strains where judicial balancing has replaced textual prohibition.
- 1.10.2Conditional Duties on Imports-Exportsnot yet published The Import-Export Clause conditionally prohibits state taxation of imports and exports, with a narrow inspection-laws exception bounded by three structural safeguards: the "absolutely necessary" standard, revenue capture for the federal treasury, and congressional revision authority. The prohibition holds; the diagnostic interest is the doctrinal overlap between this explicit textual prohibition and the judicially implied Dormant Commerce Clause.
- 1.10.3Further Prohibitionsnot yet published The further prohibitions prevent states from imposing tonnage duties, maintaining independent military forces, entering into compacts, or waging war without congressional consent — with a narrow self-defense exception when invasion or imminent danger makes consent unavailable. The tonnage-duty and military prohibitions hold structurally; the Compact Clause strains under the weight of modern interstate cooperation that exceeds the framers' binary consent framework.